Handmaids Tale Essay -- essays research papers

Does the women of Gilead know that they are being controlled?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Are the women of Gilead aware that they are being controlled by the society? In Margaret Atwood ¡Ã‚ ¯s The Handmaid ¡Ã‚ ¯s Tale, the theme of control is a very important factor of the book. In the story, at the Republic of Gilead, the women are being controlled by the society to do what the society wants them to do. The handmaids are brainwashed before they start working for the society. But since the brainwashing happens so naturally over a period of time, the handmaids don ¡Ã‚ ¯t fully realize that they have been brainwashed by the society to do what the society wants them to do.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The theme of control and being brainwashed could be found in many parts of books in many forms. For example, before the women became handmaids, they were at a institution where they get educated and influenced by the aunts on how they should live their lives. In the institution, the aunts treat the women like children.  ¡Ã‚ °But whose fault was it? Aunt Helena says, holding up on plump finger. ¡Ã‚ ±(93), aunts ask such questions, which leads the women to think the way the society wants them to think.  ¡Ã‚ °Her fault, her fault, her fault, we chant in unison. ¡Ã‚ ±(94), and the women repeats the answer out loud as a whole as if they were young kindergartners, and by doing so, they are being influenced and brainwashed. By treating them like children and making them repeat after what they say, they slowly ...

History, Architecture, and Significance of Islamic Mosques Essay

The Islamic mosque is a simple sacred place of worship; equivalent to the other religions’ places of worship like the Catholic church. It is also considered as Allah’s home on earth, which explains why it is such a sacred place. Like its counterparts, the architectural design of Islamic mosques is greatly significant to the practices of Islamic religion. The mosque has also become one of the Islamic world’s most revered symbols. History of Islamic Mosques The Mosques appeared around the Arabian Peninsula when the Islamic religion had been established. The first mosques were not like the ones that people can see today. These were just simple open-air spaces wherein Muslims can worship Allah. Over the course of a thousand years or so, it gradually evolved to the familiar places of worship that people may often see today. As the Islamic religion progressed and expanded, so did the mosques. The Islamic armies which expanded into other territories also brought the mosques with them hence the mosque appeared in different parts of the Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, Eurasia, and some parts of India. Trade also brought these mosques in these parts of the world, including some islands from South East Asia. The Design of Mosques The Architecture of Mosques has been greatly influenced by the different Arabic states which expand their territories (e. g. Ottomans, Persians). They brought their cultural architectural designs with them upon conquering an area. This explains why a lot of old mosques—the ones that lasted throughout the Ancient and Middle Ages—vary in design, both interior and exterior. Even so, the general structure of mosques does not vary since every, if not most, mosque possess these important parts: Minaret (tall slender towers), Domes, Prayer Hall, and Ablution Facilities. Makeshift mosques are exempted from this. The interior of the mosques would vary in design but most would generally possess the following: Iwan, Sahn, Gardens, Arabesque, and Calligraphy. The Importance of the Mosques Mosques are generally places of worship for the Islamic people, making them sacred. The violation of its sanctity would often result to immediate execution—a punishment fit for a grave crime. The mosque generally represents the house of Allah, their God, on earth: â€Å"Mosques are the houses of Allah and those believers who enter therein are the guests of Allah† (Al Islam website, line 3). This shows how integral the mosque is for the Muslims. Since this is the house of Allah, it should be properly maintained and revered. This explains why Muslims would take off their shoes and wash their feet before entering the mosque. Those who are non-Muslims, especially pagans, cannot enter this sacred place simply because they follow a different set of beliefs. The mosque also has different functions besides serving as places of worship and prayer. One of these is various Ramadan events such as iftar dinners, in the evenings or after sunset. They would also invite the less fortunate members of the Muslim community in order to share their blessings with them. Symbol of the Islamic World The mosque has been one of Islam’s greatest symbols. An Islam town or city, in the middle ages, or a community, in the contemporary period, can be immediately identified by the sight of Islamic mosques—since they follow the same structural plan. Since the mosques are regarded as Allah’s houses, they symbolize the core of Islam hence making them one of the most well-known symbols of the Islamic world. The religion’s long history has asserted this fact even further since most non-Muslims have identified these places in different mediums like history books, novels, and films. As the course of time would take its toll on the architectural design of the mosque, the traditional structural scheme, which entails the mosque in possessing the four most important parts or structures, remains the same. References Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. (1995). The Holy Prophet on the importance of mosques. Retrieved March 30, 2009. Islam. com Inc. (2000). Mosques & its significance. Retrieved March 30, 2009. World History Project. (2002). The Mosque as a Symbol of Islamic Civilization. Retrieved March 30, 2009.

Animal Farm By George Orwell - 1150 Words

The Real Animal Farm, the Life of a Human George Orwell is the author of Animal Farm, which was published on August 17, 1945. Even though Animal Farm was based on the Russian Revolution, the events in the book can be related to today. Just as back during this time there are still traitors, something else, and even rebellions. In the book, Mollie, Snowball, and some of the other animals were consider traitors. Also the main thing in the book is that the animals lead a rebellion, and people lead a riot in 2011 in London. In the book, the animals build a windmill but it gets destroyed,this relates to how in Syria many historical monuments were destroyed by ISIS. As briefly mentioned above, there was a horse named Mollie, who later became a traitor in the book. From the beginning it was easy to tell Mollie loved humans. A way to tell was on page seventeen in Animal Farm when she said, And shall I still be allowed to wear ribbons in my mane? asked Mollie. Comrade, said Snowball, those ribbons that you are so devoted to are the badge of slavery. Can you not understand that liberty is worth more than ribbons? Mollie agreed, but she did not sound very convinced. This indicates that Mollie was more for having ribbons in her hair than participating in the rebellion. Everyday the animals would work and Mollie would disappear, but then reappear when the work day was over. Even though they had a saying, Four legs good. Two legs bad. On page forty-five andShow MoreRelatedAnimal Farm And George Orwell By George Orwell1034 Words   |  5 Pages Eric Arthur Blair, under the pseudonym of George Orwell, composed many novels in his lifetime that were considered both politically rebellious and socially incorrect. Working on the dream since childhood, Orwell would finally gain notoriety as an author with his 1945 novel Animal Farm, which drew on personal experiences and deeply rooted fear to satirically critique Russian communism during its expansion. Noticing the impact he made, he next took to writing the novel 1984, which similarly criticizedRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell1397 Words   |  6 PagesAn important quote by the influential author of Animal Farm, George Orwell, is, â€Å"Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism.† George Orwell, a Democratic Socialist, wrote the book Animal Farm as an attack on the Communist country of Russia (â€Å"The Political Ideas of George Orwell,† worldsocialism.org). He had a very strong disliking of Communism and the Socialist party of Russia. However, he insisted on finding the truthRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell1545 Words   |  7 Pagesallow because an this elite institution of people often use this gear to dominate and oppress society. In George Orwell’s story, Animal Farm, Orwell demonstrates that education is a powerful weapon and is a device that can be used to at least one’s benefit. Living in a world where strength is a straightforward to benefit, the pigs quick use education to govern the relaxation of the animals on the farm to serve themselves worked to their advantage. This story in shows the underlying message that   firstRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell944 Words   |  4 Pageslegs(Orwell 132). He carried a whip in his trotter(Orwell 133). In the novel Animal Farm by George Orwell, animals have the ability to talk and form their own ethos, Animalism. Animal Farm is an intriguing allegory by George Orwell, who is also th e author of 1984, includes many enjoyable elements. More knowledge of the author, his use of allegorical elements, themes, symbols, and the significance in the real world, allows the reader to get more out of this glance into the future. George OrwellRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell876 Words   |  4 Pagesrebellious animals think no man means freedom and happiness, but they need to think again. The animals of Manor Farm rebel against the farm owner, Mr. Jones, and name it Animal Farm. The animals create Animalism, with seven commandments. As everything seems going well, two of the animals get into a rivalry, and things start changing. Food starts disappearing and commandments are changed, and the power begins to shift. Father of dystopian genre, George Orwell writes an interesting allegory, Animal FarmRead MoreAnimal Farm by George Orwell1100 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: Widely acknowledged as a powerful allegory, the 1945 novella Animal Farm, conceived from the satirical mind of acclaimed author George Orwell, is a harrowing fable of a fictional dystopia that critiques the socialist philosophy of Stalin in terms of his leadership of the Soviet Union. Tired of their servitude to man, a group of farm animals revolt and establish their own society, only to be betrayed into worse servitude by their leaders, the pigs, whose initial virtuous intentionsRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell1538 Words   |  7 PagesMecca Animal Farm The Russian Revolution in 1917 shows how a desperate society can be turned into a military superpower filled with terror and chaos. George Orwell uses his book, Animal Farm, to parallel this period of time in history. This book is an allegory of fascism and communism and the negative outcomes. The animals begin with great unity, working toward a common goal. The government then becomes corrupted by the temptations of power. George Orwell uses the characters in Animal Farm to showRead MoreAnimal Farm by George Orwell1175 Words   |  5 PagesAn enthusiastic participant in the Spanish civil war in 1936, George Orwell had a great understanding of the political world and made his strong opinions known through his enlightening literary works, many of which are still read in our modern era. Inspired by the 1917 Russian Revolution and the failed society it resulted in, Animal Farm by George Orwell is an encapsulating tale that epitomises how a free utopian society so idealistic can never be accomplished. The novella exemplifies how influencesRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell1089 Words   |  5 PagesIn George Orwell’s â€Å"Animal Farm†, the pigs as the farm leaders, use unknown language, invoke scare tactics and create specific laws, thereby enabling them to control other animals, to suit their greedy desires, and to perform actions outside their realm of power. Because of the pigs’ use of broad language, and the implementation of these tactics they are able to get away with avoiding laws, and are able to convince other animals into believing untrue stories that are beneficial to the pigs. The firstRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell1212 Words   |  5 PagesShe stood there over the dead animals thinking to herself what have we come to? We try to become free but we just enslave ourselves to a so called superior kind. Napoleon killed the animals in front of the whole farm and said that this was to be the punishment for the traitors. Snowball was known as a traitor now and anyone conspiring with him would be killed. Snowball and Napoleon both represent historical characters during the Russian revolution in 1917.Snowball who was one of the smartest pigs

Council vs. Counsel Commonly Confused Words

Council and counsel are homophones, and both words relate to the concept of advice and guidance. However, they do not have identical definitions. Heres how to master the differences between these two words. How to Use Council Council is a noun that refers to a group of people who have been chosen to serve in an administrative, legislative, or advisory role. The word most commonly appears in a government context, but there are also town councils and student councils. A council can be any assembly of individuals who have been chosen to lead a certain organization. Members of a council, called councilors, typically make decisions related to the group or organization they serve. How to Use Counsel The word counsel can be both a verb and a noun. As a verb, counsel means â€Å"to give advice.† As a noun, counsel sometimes refers to a piece of advice or an opinion, often in a legal context. However, the noun form of counsel can also refer to an assembly of people intended to give such advice. A counsel does not have to be elected. The word counselor comes from counsel. Counselor refers to an advisor or other individual who can offer opinions or guidance, such as a guidance counselor or a marriage counselor. How to Remember the Difference A helpful way to distinguish between council and counsel is to think of people involved in a counsel as trying to sell you on their advice or opinion: they are trying to coun-sell you. To remember that a council signifies an elected leadership group, recall that council has two cs, and c stands for city and committee. Examples Megs father, a town councilor, met with the high school counselor to discuss Megs college options. Megs father is an elected member of the town council. The high school counselor is employed by the school to offer advice and opinions about a student’s collegiate prospects.We thanked the lawyers for providing counsel on the matter. Counsel, functioning here as a noun, refers to the legal advice given by a group of lawyers.  They were excited to be elected to the church council based on their vision of the church’s future. Here, council refers to a group of officials elected to help lead and oversee the church, ultimately making decisions that will shape the future of the church.The president discussed financial policy with the economic council members, but kept his own counsel when it came to his personal life. The president consulted a group of people who had been chosen to serve in advisory roles related to his economic policies. However, he kept the details of his p ersonal life to himself and did not seek others insight.My mother counseled me to apply sunscreen before going to the beach with my fellow student council members. The mother offers advice, or counsels, to her child before the child spends the day with the other members of the organization to which she was elected (the student council). What About Consul? The less-used term consul creates another point of confusion when determining which word to use. Consul is a noun that refers to a person who has been appointed to represent a government or state in a foreign country. For example, the U.S. president can appoint a consul to represent U.S. interests in another country. Unlike council and counsel, which in their noun forms refer to groups of individuals, consul refers to one individual.

Diagnosing Problems Of Speech, Language Or Communication

Answer: Diagnosing problems in speech, language or communication is important to a childà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬TMs development as it could affect their overall behaviour at school or home. If the problem is picked up early enough then teachers, TAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬TMs (teaching assistants) or Sencoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬TMs can intervene. It could affect ear school life as a child may not be able to socialise or make friends for fear that they will be bullied or ostracised by other children. As a child grows older late diagnosis could affect their academic abilities as well as feeling like a social outcast. A hearing impairment or speech impediment may make it hard for a person to communicate; therefore it is crucial that other forms of communication are established i.e. sign language, Makaton. If interventions and help are set in place early enough then the person will receive the correct guidance and support. This allows agencies or the people involved to ensure the child/young person is reaching their developme ntal targets and promote positive results for their language and communication. Question: Question 10 Answer: Multi agency teams work together to improve a childà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬TMs development. Initially a health visitor or clinic would identify problems when a child is taken for check ups. Depending on the action needed the child could be referred to a speech therapist such as SALT. If the child/young person was of school age then the senco (special educational needs coordinator) would be well aware of the problems and putShow MoreRelatedChildhood Apraxia Of Speech : A Motor Speech Disorder1715 Words   |  7 PagesApraxia Of Speech (CAS) Childhood apraxia of speech is a motor speech disorder. In CAS a child might have problems performing the correct movements for speech due to signaling problems between the brain and the muscles used for speech production. This signaling problem causes the child to have difficulty learning accurate speech movements. Speech movements that a normal developing child learns with ease are difficult for a child with apraxia of speech. The cause of childhood apraxia of speech is unknownRead MoreThe Autism Screening Instrument For Educational Planning1400 Words   |  6 PagesWhen diagnosing autism spectrum disorder, it is crucial for the professional evaluating the child to know about the disorder. This is why speech-language pathologists normally play a part in the diagnosis. Other members of the team may include occupational therapists, physical therapists, pediatricians, and neurologists. Since problems with communication and social skills are early symptoms of this disorder, SLPs play a main role in the diagnosis and should be consulted early in the evaluationRead MoreIdentifying Signs Of A Language And Communication1490 Words   |  6 Pagesidentifying signs of a language and communication disorder. Speech, reading and writing skills were examined to identify areas of atypical development and to determine the appropriate formal assessment needed to further evaluate the student exhibiting a language deficit . A correlation between problems with expressive oral and written language was noted on observation. Possible intervention strategies are discussed to help a student with language deficits succeed. Keywords: expressive language, syntax, articulationRead MoreAspergers: Defining the Syndrome829 Words   |  3 Pagesmore intelligence, near- normal language development but might develop more problems as they get older(Aspergers). Some similar triats would be; poor social skills, prefers routine, and doesnt like change.It makes it very hard to interact with other people,might be hard to make friends and they might be socially awkward. Its a lifelong condition but overtime people can improve( Aspergers syndrome). Aspergers patients remain concrete in their thinking and communication. They are unable to pick up onRead MoreA Career in Speech and Language Pathology1414 Words   |  6 PagesA Career in Speech and Language Pathology Walking into school, a little boy is scared to talk to his classmates because he stutters . He is not getting good grades because he has trouble understanding information and communicating. His parents want to help him ,but do not know how. That is when speech and language pathologists come to the rescue. Speech and language pathologists help kids, teens, and adults overcome their oral and mental difficulties. They specialize in the field of helping theRead MoreDiagnosing Children With Specific Disorders1435 Words   |  6 PagesDiagnosing children with any disorder is difficult, due to the fact that development occurs rapidly in the first years of a child’s life in social, emotional, and cognitive areas (Barlow Durand, 2012). A child’s development can be influenced in many ways, such as socioeconomically or by how emotionally supportive the parent is (Combs-Orme, Orme, Lefmann, 2013). Diagnosing children with specific disorders proves to be more difficult consideri ng the overlap of symptoms that occurs between the conditionsRead MoreThe Causes Of Childhood Autism1414 Words   |  6 Pagessigns on their child/children. Some signs are minimal social interaction and/or minimal to no social communication. But this is not always the case, my baby brother is very good at talking with anybody new. There are a few steps to diagnosing autism. The steps include parent interviews, medical exams, hearing test, observation, a lead screening. If the symptoms seem severe then a speech and language evaluation, cognitive test, adaptive functioning assessments and sensory motor evaluation may be neededRead MoreMusic Therapy and Children Essay1603 Words   |  7 Pagesmedical treatment for children with autism, language skills problems, and dealing with hospitalization due to cancer. One of the illnesses that music therapy helped to recover is autism. Yates and Professor Couteur (2009) defined autism as â€Å"a neurodevelopmental disorder, classified under the umbrella of conditions known as pervasive developmental disorders [...] It is characterized by qualitative behavioural abnormalities in the domains of communication, reciprocal social interaction and interestsRead MoreInstructional Methodology : Picture Exchange Communication System Essay1710 Words   |  7 PagesInstructional Methodology Picture Exchange Communication System is one of the most effective strategies to improve communication skills in children with ASD. It involves skills and activities that lead to independence and that involve powerful motivation that drives learning. The skills learned are immediately useful and will continue to be useful in many different settings. PECS is an approach that teaches early communication skills using pictures. The child hands a picture to the adult and handsRead MoreA Research Study On Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay1686 Words   |  7 Pagesscientific study. In another, brain chemistry will be shown in ways that can affect the motor function of those diagnosed with ASD. Literature Review According to the CDC, autism is â€Å"a developmental disability that can cause significant social, communication and behavioral challenges (Facts About Autism, 2016)†. Autism was first discussed in 1943 by Dr. Leo Kanner, after he observed 11 children who had fixations on the inanimate environment rather than people (Quick Facts About Autism). It affects

Chinese Culture Essay Example For Students

Chinese Culture Essay Throughout Chinasencased history it has developed much differently thanwestern parts of the world. Chinese culture varies greatlycompared to ours. These great differences between easternculture and western culture make China a very interestingplace. Some of the vast differences include literature, socialstructure, and government. The greatest difference isChinese philosophy and way of thinking. China hasdeveloped a strict system of tradition that has given Chinagreat advantages and disadvantages. This is shown inChinese literature. Tradition in China is a set of unwrittenlaws. This is why China turned its eyes from the outsideworld and looked in. China found everything it needed inTradition (4). The strong traditions and customs playprobably the greatest factor in the life of a Chinese person. This strict philosophy influences marriage, children, family,and duty in life. Marriage is much different and has differentlevels of companionship. One man may have many wivesand or concubines. The status of these wives and concubinesare very important. The lower you are on the husbands listthe lower you were treated (1). When in a marriage if youwere having children a son would be most desirable for youto have. You would be thought better of if you produced ason. This shows the male dominance in Chinese culture. Once a son was born the expectations for him were great. He was supposed to learn all great literature and be veryscholarly (2). A girl, also was supposed to be raise toappreciate art and literature. Most of all though childrenwere supposed to respect tradition. The traditions gave onea feeling of not the individual but the whole as a group. People grew up knowing their part in the world and strive todo that well. They learn to acknowledge their emperor as theSon of Heaven (4). Everything someone does, is done fortheir county, and their duty in life. Chinese literature showsthat when everything is done for tradition and the individual isnot priority, many people get forced into a hard and unfairlifestyle. This is shown in the movie Raise the Red Lanternwhen the tradition made the lives of four wives strict anddependent on the master and whom he chose each night. Their lives were so strict on tradition that one of the wiveslost her life because that is what tradition said should happenif she broke a rule (1). In other cases nothing could belearned or changed because of the restriction of tradition. Such was in the movie The Forbidden City. In this movie italso showed how the customs of the concubines and unicswere very constricting to their lives (3). In the book SixRecords of a Floating Life tradition creates theimpracticality of a test for magistrates that is purely literarybut decides the head of a certain area of land (2). In Chinatradition and customs has done a lot but has hindered the lifeof many of its people. Finally after thousands of years, thewithdrawn China was being seen by the western world. Soon after, European explorers slowly started seeping in. China tried to keep foreigners out finally with force but theold traditional weapons of the Chinese were no match forthe technologically advanced Europeans. So after Europedefeated Chinese forces and got their foot in the door toChina they slow started to enter. After the Chinese saw thenew foreigners they started questioning their owngovernment, philosophy, and social systems (5). When theforeigners started to build factories and to start gainingpower the Chinese recognized that if their country was toprotect itself against foreign domination, it would have tobecome a modern nation (5). This new reason to reformeventually brought about the Communist Revolution. Thecommunists did away with many of the old traditions andstarted to modernize the country. A new generation broughtnew ideas, and technology slowly started to replace tradition(6). China slowly started opening its eyes to the rest of theworld. China has come a long way in the past 50 years, froma withdrawn country run by tra dition, to a major modernsociety. This has given its people a chance to choose theirown destiny and to be open to the rest of the world. Chinasstrong heritage and knowledge of the past show that China isnow and will be in the future a great world power. WorksCited (1) Movie: Raise the Red Lantern. (2) Six Recordsof a Floating Life By Shen Fu, Advisory Editor: BettyRadice. Published 1983 by Penguin Books. (3) Movie: TheForbidden City. (4) Lecture On China: Mrs. Larsen11-27-96. (5) The Human Expression: World Regions andCultures. Paul Thomas Welty and Miriam Greenblatt,Published 1992 by Macmillan/McGraw-Hill. (6) The JoyLuckClub, Amy Tan, Published 1989 By The BallantinePublishing Group.

Nandos Successes and Failures Essay Example

Nandos Successes and Failures Paper Nodes * Its success Is due to Its commitment to encouraging and developing the skills of Its workforce. Of management used to be cashiers or grilles. Communication and implementation of its core value systems is important. * one part chicken; one part people * Combining the right people with a winning product has got Nodes to where it is Nodes Vision: To keep exploring new territory. Nodes justified its vision by keeping an underachieving store open. They franchised the store, and with the right people in charge, the underachieving store made a complete turnaround. Advantage or Disadvantage: 30% company owned 65% franchisee owned * 5% Joint venture operations Franchisees can become complacent and not treat the brand with the same dedication as the owners. Advantage: * Risky decisions are commonplace In Nodes culture. * Opportunities arise and Unhands makes decisions to capitalize on them. Is an ethos that forms the entrepreneurial lifeblood of the company. Disadvantage: This * The risky decisions tend to make franchisees nervous, as some franchisees might not be risk takers by nature. This can be turned Into an advantage, as Unhands promotes open communication and transparency between the owners and raunchiness. General * Everything at Nodes is designed to support its people. Evidence that Ands is more than Just a business for profit. * Franchisers transfer their beliefs and excitement about the brand to Its franchisees. * Unhands management lead by example a good entrepreneur knows that this Is essential. * Monads wants to attract people who share their core values, pride, passion, courage and integrity. They attract vibrant, adventurous people and strive to keep them. Ands in AS is looking at moving into the fast-casual market in order to differentiate themselves. True entrepreneurs always strive to stay ahead of their competition, by moving into new markets, or changing their product offerings. * Ands strives to show customers true excellence Ana GAO value rate in AS. Overseas markets Nanas NAS a Trances success * Nodes aims to have 25 restaurants in the USA b y 2015 successful in Australia, I-J, Singapore, Malaysia The Entrepreneurs: Borzoi and Treated * Franchises are highly Borzoi had no experience in the food industry he saw an opportunity and capitalized on it. We will write a custom essay sample on Nandos Successes and Failures specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Nandos Successes and Failures specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Nandos Successes and Failures specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Treated was born in Portugal, and introduced Borzoi to a Portuguese stature in Johannesburg. They took the risk of buying it, despite being warned that the fast food industry was unprofitable, flooded by too many role players. Nodes Advertising * Entrepreneur Borzoi identified the importance of marketing as a key factor in Nodes strategy. * Nodes developed a unique and irreverent style of external communications. * This allowed them to stand out from their conservative competitors and to achieve greater effects at a lower cost. * Their advertising is rooted in their in-depth understanding of the local markets psyche. Nodes definitely has a good sense of humor! This sets them apart from other fast food giants as their style is unique and it would be difficult for competitors to copy their style. * Nodes approach: Marketing efforts focus on establishing our distinctiveness. * As part of its strategy, Nodes identified adventurous brand building as a core component. * Their advertising is always provocative, topical, interesting, generating public comment and debate. * Managers believe strongly in the brand, focusing their energies on building brand equity. Their marketing is extended to community level, each store is encouraged to be involved in local remissions that support communities and simultaneously promoting the Nodes image. Problems experienced going abroad * In the mid asss entrepreneurs from Asia became interested in Nodes concept. * Borzoi was informed that Nodes did not have the infrastructure to handle a global expansion successfully. * The south African operations had grown and the st ructure was becoming more difficult to manage. * Borzoi realized that a change in approach was needed (entrepreneurs need to be strategic in their thinking. In this case, Borzoi showed this by realizing that the change was needed in order to be successful). * Nodes international was formed in 1995 to leverage international business. Mike Denton-Stevens was appointed as the group development strategist. * Denton-Stevens was directly responsible to Borzoi for the formulation and monitoring of global strategies and the development of systems, models and manuals. * He spent more than 2 years building models, writing manuals. Very thorough planning indeed! Generalness Take wilt International expansion * Nodes struggled with the idea of how to retain their culture and values while expanding abroad. It was challenging to build critical mass in overseas markets. In most countries people were not familiar with Portuguese food. Nodes thought it would be a simple matter of using their advertising style in AS in the overseas markets. They realized that their advertising would have to be more educational in nature. Humor is a cultural thing and Nodes assumed that humor and irreverence were good positioning strategies worldwide. * Marketing manuals for the overseas markets were written as do it yourself manuals. Countries had to market at store level, in order to gain a feel for their market.